There is a huge difference between single-camera and multi-camera techniques. The most obvious of these is that single-camera uses one camera and multi-camera uses a variety. But why? Why do productions follow one of these techniques? Well, money is the key. Multi-camera is a cheaper format, as it’s quicker because you don’t have to set up a scene several times in order to get your shot. Also, it saves time in the editing process, as there is a wider range of footage meaning that the angle you require is always there. Putting money aside, multi-camera techniques are used in order to give the audience the bigger picture. It can show different characters emotions but can also show audience emotions in programmes such as chat show. All these things make multi-camera better as they save money and give the audience a better show.
Along with chat shows such as “Trish” and “Jeremy Kyle” Multi-camera techniques are used in question shows like “8 out of 10 cats” and a “question of sport.’ Again this is so the audience gats a wider view of what’s going on and because the show is filmed live it can change camera angles adding cinematography in order to keep the views interested. Finally, multi-camera techniques are used in live broadcasting programmes such as sport for instance. This is for the same reasons as stated above, it adds cinematography, keeps the views interested and gives the views a wider range off camera angles in order to make the reader feel part of the game providing them an atmosphere without leaving there own how. It seems complicated how live broadcasts are edited on the spot in order to bring the correct shots to your screen. But, with a bit of planning and organisation it just becomes a day job.
On a question show or sitcom such as “ Friday night with Jonathon Ross” there’ll be two people on stage, the presenter (A) and the quest (B). In order to film their conversation there’ll be at least four cameras. 1,2,3 and 4. Camera 1 and 4 are called outer cameras or crosses and there used to film close-ups on the Characters. They’re called crosses as camera 1 will film B and camera 4 will film A, crossing each other while filming. The two inner cameras, (2 and 3) film the master shots in order to get the full picture and establish the geography of the room. They’ll film long shots, medium shots and two shots in order to do this. But how does this get on out screens? Well there’ll be a director and assistant director in the studio watching all the camera angles on separate screens. He will choose which shot to play next and tell this to the technical director who will create a line cut and switch the feed to another camera. A tally tight will then turn on above the live camera so both the actors and the cameramen know which camera is live. This can be a very stressful job so it requires serious concentration and a lot of communication amongst the team.
Kraftwork is a techno band that over exemplifies the codes and convection of techno music. In order to achieve this effect they stand on stage making little or no movement connoting that they let their music do the talking. This means that the camera work has to be creative in order to keep views watching as a single camera would not be interesting at all. There is a range of camera angles and movements that keep the show entertaining. After a birds eye establishing shot tracking forward there is a medium shot tracking from left to right which introduces all four members of the band. There is a masked cut between the establishing shot and the medium shot. This cut is a masked cut at the relationship between the two is that they’re both introducing the band. It also uses the beat of the music to make the cut, which connotes that the camera work is being used to effect, making it more entertaining for the viewers. Later in the performance there is an aerial shot tracking and panning its way through the room; almost as if the camera is floating in the mystery of the music. This shot is very significant as it emphasizes the size of the room of the room therefore connoting the success of the band. When the shot is directly above the band it pans to the left putting the attention back on the band before cutting to a medium long shot which cleverly looks like a point of view shot from a member of the audience. All these shot changes create viewer interest and are juxtaposed against the movement of the band. Finally, there is a connection between the music and the camera work, which creates meaning to the viewer. This connection is that the technicality of the music is mirrored by the technicality of the camera work which adds to my opening point, which was that Kraftwork over exemplify the codes and convections of techno music.
In the fashion industry to maintain viewer interest it’s important that the entire outfit is shows from every angle. In the catwalk we open with an extreme long shot, which zooms-in then cuts to an angled medium shot from the left. This is a masked cut as the relationship between the shots is that they’re of the same model. After an array of shots such as high angled medium shots and low angled long shots we are confronted with a medium close up of the models feet which tilts up toward her head. As the model is walking towards the camera we end up with a close up of the models facial expressions. These expressions connote the mood in which the cloths represent but could also be dull and bland taking the attention off the model and adding it to the cloths. This titling close up communicates meaning to the viewer but also; the range of angles in which the cloths are viewed from creates viewer interest. As the next model enters the attention cuts to her outfit but shows the other model from behind giving a wider view of the cloths on show.
In the catwalk despite some tilts and tracking from he side, all camera work is static as there’s movement of the catwalk. This shows contrast between camera work and the actual show. There are several low angled shots used which give the models power which in turn gives the cloths power.
Top Gear
Top gear uses multi-camera techniques in order to communicate meaning to the viewer and maintain viewer interest. This specific clip opens with a tilted establishing shot of a corvette, driving towards the camera. The tilt on the shot adds enigma which creates suspense which engages the viewer and encourages them to keep viewing. Using the same shot, it shows the car then driving away. This gives the viewer a wider view of the car as it shows it for the front and the back. Then there is a matched cut to a forward tracking shot which starts low angled and pans up giving the car power. All these shots become complicated as the car is in motion meaning shots are mixed to track and pan the car from all ranges, giving a fuller view of the car. Occasionally the car will leave the shot connoting the cars speed and taulk. Later there is a jump cut to the inside if the car where we see the presenter, who has been talking throughout. This puts a face to the voiceover but also helps maintain viewer interest as Richard Hammond is well known in the world of motors, so he will be used as a star vehicle for this clip. The range of shots used all help communicate meaning to the viewer as they're selling the cars attributes, so medium and long low angled shots are used giving the car power and extremely long side on shots and used, to connote the cars speed. When the car is static these techniques are still used as a range of shots help maintain viewer interest and they show the full car. Within ten seconds 13 different shots are used including tracking shots, panning shots, medium shots, low angled close ups, extreme close ups and impressively an extreme close of the engine, panning right. This shows that TV has developed in order to keep up with viewer demand as so many shots need to be used in such a shot space of time.
Task 4: Create a production table that can be accessed by the whole group. Create a section for each of the following…
Equipment needed for Friday world broadcast:
2 Panasonic Leica Dicomar Cameras.
2 Manfrotto Lights.
2 Presenters
2 chairs.
1 Friday World Backdrop
1 Slate vision Mixer.
1 Sound Mixer
Live feed to hall from recording studio and gallery
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